Several major trends have been driving
technological innovation in the display industry since its early days. These
trends include image quality, screen size, portability and form factor. While
these trends still remain strong undercurrents, new drivers are being
introduced that will play a more prominent role in shaping the industry.
These new drivers will open up new
frontiers, both on the technology and the market side. Indeed, they enable
displays to both expand their existing markets and to diversify into new
spaces. These major drivers that are set to change the display landscape
include product differentiation, flexibility, 3D, transparency,
system-on-panel, power savings, interconnectivity and screen size, and new
front plane
technologies and more.
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Major trends in the industry are
changing the backplane functional requirements
Critically, these new trends can only
be sustained so long as the underlying technology can deliver the required
performance demands. This is critical because the new functional needs will
stretch many existing solutions beyond their performance limits, suggesting
that alternative solutions will be required. One vital piece of technology that
largely sets the limits of display industry is the backplane technology. The
backplane is responsible for turning the individual pixels ON and OFF. It is
composed of thin film transistors, which act as the switches.
The over-arching trends in the
industry are also changing the backplane requirements on several fronts.
Product differentiation is resulting in multiplicity of lighting/display
technologies, with each demanding a different power output and refresh rate from
the backplane. Flexibility is opening up room for a new value chain consisting
of new material systems. This is because many existing solutions are failing
the flexibility tests, but what is the realistic market opportunity for
flexible displays and when?
3D and ultra-high resolution displays
mandate higher refresh rates, stretching the switching speed requirements past
the capability limits of today's dominant technologies, such as amorphous
silicon (aSi) TFTs. System-on-panel thinking is requiring ever more processing
power to be integrated onto the panel, and therefore the backplane. Reducing
power consumption requires improvements in the entire lifecycle of the display,
from reducing the thermal budget during the processing all the way to the more
efficient energy use during operation. This will affect how thin film
transistors are designed, made and operated.
There is no one size-fits-all-solution
Interestingly, there are already many
different backplane technologies that are mature and available, or are fast
emerging. These include amorphous silicon, nanocrystalline silicon,
low-temperature poly-silicon, solution-processed or evaporated organic
semiconductor and various metal oxide thin film transistor technologies. Add to
this multiplicity of solutions a range of emerging nano-systems (e.g., various
nanowires, graphene, carbon nanotubes) and you will find a decision-making
nightmare.
This is because each thin film
transistor technology offers a different set of characteristics, suitable for
different needs. And yet none offers a one-size-fits-all-solution for all
needs. This suggests that, at least initially, many different technologies will
co-exist, each rising to satisfy a fragment of the emerging spectrum of needs
and thus each occupying a different niche. In addition, some of these options
are further advanced than others while others hold great promise. Yet bringing
it to market will take time and there are unforeseen technical issues to
contend with.
This report makes sense of this changing,
fragmented space
This report analyzes major drivers
that are shaping the display industry. The major trends examined in detail
include product differentiation, size and scaling, power savings, prolonged
lifetime, 3D, mechanical flexibility, rimless designs, etc.
The report will then assess how these
trends create new functional needs on the technology side. It provides an
in-depth review of existing and emerging thin film transistor solutions and
critically assesses the pros and cons of each. The technologies covered include
various forms of silicon thin film transistors (amorphous, nanostructure and
polycrystalline), organic semiconductors, various nanostructured semiconductors
and metal oxides.
In terms of metal oxides, it assesses
the different material systems available (IGZO, HIZO, IZO, ZNO, TZO, ZnO, etc)
and critically assesses the merits of each. In doing so, it outlines and
discusses the leading research frontiers in metal oxides science and
engineering, including stability and persistent photoconductivity, processing
window, p-doping, etc. The report also discusses various requirements of
dielectrics for emerging displays and explores the material options for use as
dielectrics on wide-bandgap metal-oxide semiconductors.
The report links material properties
of all thin film transistor technologies to device figures-of-merit, including
mobility, sub-threshold voltage, threshold voltage, stability, contact
resistance, etc. These figures-of-merit are then connected to attributes of
backplanes and thereby to the emerging functional needs of the display industry
as a whole.
Linking the mega trends with micro
level technological details, we are able to map out how the fragmented display
backplane technology will look going forward.
In our assessment, we also provide a
detailed outline of activities in the OLED display segment, including
- An analysis of announced
production capacity
- Number of units sold by
manufacturer
- Which backplane technologies are
used by which manufacturers
- A timeline of
venture/partnerships activities taking place across the world in the OLED
space.
- Product development cycle for
oxide semiconductors
Who should buy this report?
- Major display manufacturers: This report helps major display
manufacturers understand how the drivers and the functional needs of the
industry are changing. This report will also help them see which
technologies will win in which market segments, and why. It will enable
them to ensure that they do not lose out when the landscape alters and
when parts (or all) of their existing value chain become disrupted.
- Thin film transistor technology
licensors and researchers:
It will help them identify how the changing display industry will benefit
from which thin film transistor technology; helps them pinpoint key
research frontiers and questions and therefore design their research
programmes; helps them identify target markets and players for licensing
their IP assets; helps them know their competitors, etc
- Material suppliers to all thin
film transistor technologies:
It will help them understand which thin film transistors (and their
associated material system) will win in which markets and why. It will
help them devise their strategies by backing the right technologies in the
right time frames and for the right markets.
- Equipment suppliers: It will help them understand
which new technologies will be required and why. As a result, it will help
them see which new equipment systems will be required and why. It helps them
therefore plan ahead and form the right partnerships or relationships.
- Circuit designers: It will help them see how oxide
thin film transistors require new compensation techniques, why and for
which market segments (this determines the required performance
specification). This effectively highlights a new area of circuit design
for companies.
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